Bachelor Thesis Valeri Andreev University of Twente

Low-Code Platforms: Supporting Business Process Innovation and Efficiency for SMEs.

Introduction - Step 1 of 4

Dear participant,
Thank you for joining this research project for my Bachelor Thesis on "Low-Code Platforms: Supporting Business Process Innovation and Efficiency for SMEs." This survey will take 7-10 minutes and focus on the company you work for, the amount, type, and way you use low-code platforms, and some information about the company itself.

The survey will not include sensitive or distressing topics and focus on professional experiences inside the company and interaction with low-code platforms. All the information gathered will be anonymous, so it won't be possible to trace it back to you or your company. The results will be summarised without mentioning anything that could identify a specific company.

Helpful guidelines will be included wherever possible while filling out the survey. You can always contact us with any questions at v.andreev@student.utwente.nl. Please be aware that participation in the survey is voluntary, and you can withdraw at any time without consequence.

By continuing with this survey, you acknowledge that you have read and understood the information above and consent to participate.

Thank you for your time and participation,
Valeri Andreev

1) What is your position in the company? *

CEO/Owner
CTO
On manager level position
Other

2) What is your other position in the company?

3) Do you have a technical role in the company? For example: IT Manager, Cloud Architect, Web Developer or something similar. *

4) What is the size of the company? *

Less than five employees
Between 5-10 employees
Between 10 - 25 employees
Between 25 - 100 employees
Between 100 - 250 employees
More than 250 employees
Not sure

5) What is the company's turnover in 2023? *

Less than 100,000 lеvа
Between 100,000 and 250,000 lеvа
Between 250,000 and 500,000 lеvа
Between 500,000 and 1,000,000 lеvа
Between 1,000,000 and 5,000,000 lеvа
More than 5,000,000 lеvа
Not sure

6) In which sector of the industry is the company active in? Choose the most suitable one. *

Manufacturing
Services
IT
Tourism
Construction
Other

7) In which other sector of the industry is the company active in?

8) Does your company have a website? *

Yes
No
Not sure

9) Is the website developed by traditional software development and traditional coding (also known as custom coding)? *

Yes
No
Not sure

Traditional software development heavily relies on an initial complete set of requirements, followed by architectural and high-level design development using traditional coding.

10) Is the platform used to create the website a Low-Code Platform? *

Yes
No
Not sure

Low-code platforms are easy-to-use visual environments that developers and non-developers can use to build their software systems. Usually, those solutions require minimal or no programming background.

11) Which platform does the company use for the website? *

WordPress
Wix
Mendix
OpenCart
Other (open space to say which one)
Not sure

12) Which other platform does the company use for the website? *

13) How long did it roughly take to develop the website? *

Less than a month
Around 3-6 months
Around a year
More than a year
Not sure

14) Did you hire an external developer for website development? *

Yes
No
Not sure

15) What type of internal human resources did the company use for the website development process? *

We have a website development capacity (IT specialist) who developed the website
A non-technical capacity developed the website
Not sure

16) What was the reason for not hiring a professional to develop the website? (Allow multiple answers selected) *

The company believes that they can develop the website themselves
Cost related reasons
The company believes a developer cannot represent the company's objectives
Other

17) What was the other reason for not hiring a professional to develop the website?

18) How often do you make changes to the company’s website? *

Every week
Every month
Every 2-3 months
Every six months
Yearly
Never
Not sure

For example, adding a new blog posts or change prices.

19) Who is responsible for making the changes? *

We have an IT person who is responsible for the changes
A non-technical person does all the changes
Not sure

20) Did you need help communicating the website needs with the developer (difficulties explaining what you want)? *

Yes
No
Not sure

21) Would the process be more straightforward if the company had an IT capacity and could create the company website better? *

Yes
No
Not sure

22) When the company decided on how to create the website, did it know about low-code platforms? *

Yes
No
Not sure

23) Why did you choose the traditional development website over the low-code platform solution? *

24) Do you have other IT platforms that you are using in the company? *

Yes
No
Not sure

For example, Microsoft Teams, Slack, Outlook, etc.

25) Which other platforms are you using in the comapny?

26) How many other platforms do you use? *

Only 1
Between 1-3
Between 3-5
Between 5-10
More than 10

For example, Microsoft Teams, Slack, Outlook, etc.

27) What is the purpose of using those platforms? (Allow multiple answers selected) *

Internal communication
Marketing purposes
Company’s purposes, such as task management
Other

28) What is the other purpose of using those platforms?

29) Information about the company *

	1	2	3	4	5
As an SME, how important is it for the company to adapt quickly to changes in the market? 1 - Not important at all; 3 - Neutral; 5 - Absolutely crucial;	1As an SME, how important is it for the company to adapt quickly to changes in the market? 1 - Not important at all; 3 - Neutral; 5 - Absolutely crucial; 1	2As an SME, how important is it for the company to adapt quickly to changes in the market? 1 - Not important at all; 3 - Neutral; 5 - Absolutely crucial; 2	3As an SME, how important is it for the company to adapt quickly to changes in the market? 1 - Not important at all; 3 - Neutral; 5 - Absolutely crucial; 3	4As an SME, how important is it for the company to adapt quickly to changes in the market? 1 - Not important at all; 3 - Neutral; 5 - Absolutely crucial; 4	5As an SME, how important is it for the company to adapt quickly to changes in the market? 1 - Not important at all; 3 - Neutral; 5 - Absolutely crucial; 5
How essential is it for the company to customize solutions to meet each customer's needs? 1 - Not essential at all; 3 - Neutral; 5 - Completely essential;	1How essential is it for the company to customize solutions to meet each customer's needs? 1 - Not essential at all; 3 - Neutral; 5 - Completely essential; 1	2How essential is it for the company to customize solutions to meet each customer's needs? 1 - Not essential at all; 3 - Neutral; 5 - Completely essential; 2	3How essential is it for the company to customize solutions to meet each customer's needs? 1 - Not essential at all; 3 - Neutral; 5 - Completely essential; 3	4How essential is it for the company to customize solutions to meet each customer's needs? 1 - Not essential at all; 3 - Neutral; 5 - Completely essential; 4	5How essential is it for the company to customize solutions to meet each customer's needs? 1 - Not essential at all; 3 - Neutral; 5 - Completely essential; 5
To what extent do you need to innovate to keep up with market demands? 1 - Innovation is not required; 3 - Sometimes required; 5 - Constantly required;	1To what extent do you need to innovate to keep up with market demands? 1 - Innovation is not required; 3 - Sometimes required; 5 - Constantly required; 1	2To what extent do you need to innovate to keep up with market demands? 1 - Innovation is not required; 3 - Sometimes required; 5 - Constantly required; 2	3To what extent do you need to innovate to keep up with market demands? 1 - Innovation is not required; 3 - Sometimes required; 5 - Constantly required; 3	4To what extent do you need to innovate to keep up with market demands? 1 - Innovation is not required; 3 - Sometimes required; 5 - Constantly required; 4	5To what extent do you need to innovate to keep up with market demands? 1 - Innovation is not required; 3 - Sometimes required; 5 - Constantly required; 5
As an SME, how critical is it to respond promptly to customer feedback and demands? 1 - Not critical at all; 3 - Moderately critical; 5 - Absolutely critical;	1As an SME, how critical is it to respond promptly to customer feedback and demands? 1 - Not critical at all; 3 - Moderately critical; 5 - Absolutely critical; 1	2As an SME, how critical is it to respond promptly to customer feedback and demands? 1 - Not critical at all; 3 - Moderately critical; 5 - Absolutely critical; 2	3As an SME, how critical is it to respond promptly to customer feedback and demands? 1 - Not critical at all; 3 - Moderately critical; 5 - Absolutely critical; 3	4As an SME, how critical is it to respond promptly to customer feedback and demands? 1 - Not critical at all; 3 - Moderately critical; 5 - Absolutely critical; 4	5As an SME, how critical is it to respond promptly to customer feedback and demands? 1 - Not critical at all; 3 - Moderately critical; 5 - Absolutely critical; 5
How would you describe the leadership style of the company? 1 - Highly centralized decision authority; 3 - Mix of shared and centralized decision-making; 5 - Always shares decision-making with team members;	1How would you describe the leadership style of the company? 1 - Highly centralized decision authority; 3 - Mix of shared and centralized decision-making; 5 - Always shares decision-making with team members; 1	2How would you describe the leadership style of the company? 1 - Highly centralized decision authority; 3 - Mix of shared and centralized decision-making; 5 - Always shares decision-making with team members; 2	3How would you describe the leadership style of the company? 1 - Highly centralized decision authority; 3 - Mix of shared and centralized decision-making; 5 - Always shares decision-making with team members; 3	4How would you describe the leadership style of the company? 1 - Highly centralized decision authority; 3 - Mix of shared and centralized decision-making; 5 - Always shares decision-making with team members; 4	5How would you describe the leadership style of the company? 1 - Highly centralized decision authority; 3 - Mix of shared and centralized decision-making; 5 - Always shares decision-making with team members; 5
To what extent does the leadership influence innovation? 1 - No impact; 3 - Moderate impact ; 5 - Strong impact on all innovations;	1To what extent does the leadership influence innovation? 1 - No impact; 3 - Moderate impact ; 5 - Strong impact on all innovations; 1	2To what extent does the leadership influence innovation? 1 - No impact; 3 - Moderate impact ; 5 - Strong impact on all innovations; 2	3To what extent does the leadership influence innovation? 1 - No impact; 3 - Moderate impact ; 5 - Strong impact on all innovations; 3	4To what extent does the leadership influence innovation? 1 - No impact; 3 - Moderate impact ; 5 - Strong impact on all innovations; 4	5To what extent does the leadership influence innovation? 1 - No impact; 3 - Moderate impact ; 5 - Strong impact on all innovations; 5
How would you rate the effectiveness of internal communication within the company? 1 - Very ineffective; 3 - Moderately effective; 5 - Very effective;	1How would you rate the effectiveness of internal communication within the company? 1 - Very ineffective; 3 - Moderately effective; 5 - Very effective; 1	2How would you rate the effectiveness of internal communication within the company? 1 - Very ineffective; 3 - Moderately effective; 5 - Very effective; 2	3How would you rate the effectiveness of internal communication within the company? 1 - Very ineffective; 3 - Moderately effective; 5 - Very effective; 3	4How would you rate the effectiveness of internal communication within the company? 1 - Very ineffective; 3 - Moderately effective; 5 - Very effective; 4	5How would you rate the effectiveness of internal communication within the company? 1 - Very ineffective; 3 - Moderately effective; 5 - Very effective; 5
If more financial resources were available specifically for innovation, would the company be more inclined to invest in new applications? 1 - Definitely not; 3 - Neutral; 5 - Definitely yes;	1If more financial resources were available specifically for innovation, would the company be more inclined to invest in new applications? 1 - Definitely not; 3 - Neutral; 5 - Definitely yes; 1	2If more financial resources were available specifically for innovation, would the company be more inclined to invest in new applications? 1 - Definitely not; 3 - Neutral; 5 - Definitely yes; 2	3If more financial resources were available specifically for innovation, would the company be more inclined to invest in new applications? 1 - Definitely not; 3 - Neutral; 5 - Definitely yes; 3	4If more financial resources were available specifically for innovation, would the company be more inclined to invest in new applications? 1 - Definitely not; 3 - Neutral; 5 - Definitely yes; 4	5If more financial resources were available specifically for innovation, would the company be more inclined to invest in new applications? 1 - Definitely not; 3 - Neutral; 5 - Definitely yes; 5

30) Does the company use any low-code platform solutions? *

Yes
No
Not sure

Please base your responses on direct observations and experiences.

Based on your understanding, please consider these platforms' potential impacts on the company.

31) What benefits has the company realised from using low-code platforms for software development instead of traditional coding methods? (Select all that apply) *

Faster development cycles (iterations) than you expect
Reduced IT costs
Improved collaboration between departments/people
Enhanced business agility
Other (please specify)
None

31) What benefits do you thing the company can get from using low-code platforms for software development instead of traditional coding methods? (Select all that apply) *

Faster development cycles (iterations) than you expect
Reduced IT costs
Improved collaboration between departments/people
Enhanced business agility
Other (please specify)
None

32) What other benefits do you find? *

33) Low-code platforms benefits related questions *

	1	2	3	4	5
Has there been a significant time difference in the development time for a low-code platform solution compared to traditional methods? 1 - More time needed for creating software with low-code platform; 3 - The same amount of time is needed; 5 - Low-code platforms significantly reduced the time needed;	1Has there been a significant time difference in the development time for a low-code platform solution compared to traditional methods? 1 - More time needed for creating software with low-code platform; 3 - The same amount of time is needed; 5 - Low-code platforms significantly reduced the time needed; 1	2Has there been a significant time difference in the development time for a low-code platform solution compared to traditional methods? 1 - More time needed for creating software with low-code platform; 3 - The same amount of time is needed; 5 - Low-code platforms significantly reduced the time needed; 2	3Has there been a significant time difference in the development time for a low-code platform solution compared to traditional methods? 1 - More time needed for creating software with low-code platform; 3 - The same amount of time is needed; 5 - Low-code platforms significantly reduced the time needed; 3	4Has there been a significant time difference in the development time for a low-code platform solution compared to traditional methods? 1 - More time needed for creating software with low-code platform; 3 - The same amount of time is needed; 5 - Low-code platforms significantly reduced the time needed; 4	5Has there been a significant time difference in the development time for a low-code platform solution compared to traditional methods? 1 - More time needed for creating software with low-code platform; 3 - The same amount of time is needed; 5 - Low-code platforms significantly reduced the time needed; 5
To what degree have low-code platforms contributed to cost savings in software development and maintenance at the company? 1 - Costs increased; 3 - Both cost the same; 5 - Greatly reduced costs;	1To what degree have low-code platforms contributed to cost savings in software development and maintenance at the company? 1 - Costs increased; 3 - Both cost the same; 5 - Greatly reduced costs; 1	2To what degree have low-code platforms contributed to cost savings in software development and maintenance at the company? 1 - Costs increased; 3 - Both cost the same; 5 - Greatly reduced costs; 2	3To what degree have low-code platforms contributed to cost savings in software development and maintenance at the company? 1 - Costs increased; 3 - Both cost the same; 5 - Greatly reduced costs; 3	4To what degree have low-code platforms contributed to cost savings in software development and maintenance at the company? 1 - Costs increased; 3 - Both cost the same; 5 - Greatly reduced costs; 4	5To what degree have low-code platforms contributed to cost savings in software development and maintenance at the company? 1 - Costs increased; 3 - Both cost the same; 5 - Greatly reduced costs; 5
In your opinion, what impact have low-code platforms had on the scalability of the operations inside the company? 1 - Significantly decreased scalability; 3 - No impact; 5 - Greatly improved scalability;	1In your opinion, what impact have low-code platforms had on the scalability of the operations inside the company? 1 - Significantly decreased scalability; 3 - No impact; 5 - Greatly improved scalability; 1	2In your opinion, what impact have low-code platforms had on the scalability of the operations inside the company? 1 - Significantly decreased scalability; 3 - No impact; 5 - Greatly improved scalability; 2	3In your opinion, what impact have low-code platforms had on the scalability of the operations inside the company? 1 - Significantly decreased scalability; 3 - No impact; 5 - Greatly improved scalability; 3	4In your opinion, what impact have low-code platforms had on the scalability of the operations inside the company? 1 - Significantly decreased scalability; 3 - No impact; 5 - Greatly improved scalability; 4	5In your opinion, what impact have low-code platforms had on the scalability of the operations inside the company? 1 - Significantly decreased scalability; 3 - No impact; 5 - Greatly improved scalability; 5
Evaluate the effect of low-code platforms on business agility. How quickly can the company respond to market changes using low-code platforms? 1 - Slow; 3 - Moderately quickly; 5 - Very quickly;	1Evaluate the effect of low-code platforms on business agility. How quickly can the company respond to market changes using low-code platforms? 1 - Slow; 3 - Moderately quickly; 5 - Very quickly; 1	2Evaluate the effect of low-code platforms on business agility. How quickly can the company respond to market changes using low-code platforms? 1 - Slow; 3 - Moderately quickly; 5 - Very quickly; 2	3Evaluate the effect of low-code platforms on business agility. How quickly can the company respond to market changes using low-code platforms? 1 - Slow; 3 - Moderately quickly; 5 - Very quickly; 3	4Evaluate the effect of low-code platforms on business agility. How quickly can the company respond to market changes using low-code platforms? 1 - Slow; 3 - Moderately quickly; 5 - Very quickly; 4	5Evaluate the effect of low-code platforms on business agility. How quickly can the company respond to market changes using low-code platforms? 1 - Slow; 3 - Moderately quickly; 5 - Very quickly; 5
In your opinion, how has using low-code platforms affected collaboration across different departments in the company? 1 - Significantly worsened collaboration; 3 - No change; 5 - Greatly improved collaboration;	1In your opinion, how has using low-code platforms affected collaboration across different departments in the company? 1 - Significantly worsened collaboration; 3 - No change; 5 - Greatly improved collaboration; 1	2In your opinion, how has using low-code platforms affected collaboration across different departments in the company? 1 - Significantly worsened collaboration; 3 - No change; 5 - Greatly improved collaboration; 2	3In your opinion, how has using low-code platforms affected collaboration across different departments in the company? 1 - Significantly worsened collaboration; 3 - No change; 5 - Greatly improved collaboration; 3	4In your opinion, how has using low-code platforms affected collaboration across different departments in the company? 1 - Significantly worsened collaboration; 3 - No change; 5 - Greatly improved collaboration; 4	5In your opinion, how has using low-code platforms affected collaboration across different departments in the company? 1 - Significantly worsened collaboration; 3 - No change; 5 - Greatly improved collaboration; 5

33) Low-code platforms benefits related questions *

	1	2	3	4	5
Based on your understanding, what would be the potential impact on development time if your company used low-code platforms compared to traditional methods? 1 - More time needed for creating software with low-code platforms; 3 - The same amount of time needed; 5 - Low-code platforms would significantly reduce the time needed.	1Based on your understanding, what would be the potential impact on development time if your company used low-code platforms compared to traditional methods? 1 - More time needed for creating software with low-code platforms; 3 - The same amount of time needed; 5 - Low-code platforms would significantly reduce the time needed. 1	2Based on your understanding, what would be the potential impact on development time if your company used low-code platforms compared to traditional methods? 1 - More time needed for creating software with low-code platforms; 3 - The same amount of time needed; 5 - Low-code platforms would significantly reduce the time needed. 2	3Based on your understanding, what would be the potential impact on development time if your company used low-code platforms compared to traditional methods? 1 - More time needed for creating software with low-code platforms; 3 - The same amount of time needed; 5 - Low-code platforms would significantly reduce the time needed. 3	4Based on your understanding, what would be the potential impact on development time if your company used low-code platforms compared to traditional methods? 1 - More time needed for creating software with low-code platforms; 3 - The same amount of time needed; 5 - Low-code platforms would significantly reduce the time needed. 4	5Based on your understanding, what would be the potential impact on development time if your company used low-code platforms compared to traditional methods? 1 - More time needed for creating software with low-code platforms; 3 - The same amount of time needed; 5 - Low-code platforms would significantly reduce the time needed. 5
In your opinion, to what degree could low-code platforms contribute to cost savings in software development and maintenance at your company in comapre to traditional methods? 1 - Costs would increase; 3 - Both would cost the same; 5 - Low-code platforms would greatly reduce costs."	1In your opinion, to what degree could low-code platforms contribute to cost savings in software development and maintenance at your company in comapre to traditional methods? 1 - Costs would increase; 3 - Both would cost the same; 5 - Low-code platforms would greatly reduce costs." 1	2In your opinion, to what degree could low-code platforms contribute to cost savings in software development and maintenance at your company in comapre to traditional methods? 1 - Costs would increase; 3 - Both would cost the same; 5 - Low-code platforms would greatly reduce costs." 2	3In your opinion, to what degree could low-code platforms contribute to cost savings in software development and maintenance at your company in comapre to traditional methods? 1 - Costs would increase; 3 - Both would cost the same; 5 - Low-code platforms would greatly reduce costs." 3	4In your opinion, to what degree could low-code platforms contribute to cost savings in software development and maintenance at your company in comapre to traditional methods? 1 - Costs would increase; 3 - Both would cost the same; 5 - Low-code platforms would greatly reduce costs." 4	5In your opinion, to what degree could low-code platforms contribute to cost savings in software development and maintenance at your company in comapre to traditional methods? 1 - Costs would increase; 3 - Both would cost the same; 5 - Low-code platforms would greatly reduce costs." 5
What impact might low-code platforms have on the scalability of operations within your company? 1 - Significantly decreased scalability; 3 - No impact; 5 - Greatly improved scalability.	1What impact might low-code platforms have on the scalability of operations within your company? 1 - Significantly decreased scalability; 3 - No impact; 5 - Greatly improved scalability. 1	2What impact might low-code platforms have on the scalability of operations within your company? 1 - Significantly decreased scalability; 3 - No impact; 5 - Greatly improved scalability. 2	3What impact might low-code platforms have on the scalability of operations within your company? 1 - Significantly decreased scalability; 3 - No impact; 5 - Greatly improved scalability. 3	4What impact might low-code platforms have on the scalability of operations within your company? 1 - Significantly decreased scalability; 3 - No impact; 5 - Greatly improved scalability. 4	5What impact might low-code platforms have on the scalability of operations within your company? 1 - Significantly decreased scalability; 3 - No impact; 5 - Greatly improved scalability. 5
Based on your understanding, how could low-code platforms affect your company's business agility in responding to market changes? 1 - Slow response; 3 - Moderately quick response; 5 - Very quick response.	1Based on your understanding, how could low-code platforms affect your company's business agility in responding to market changes? 1 - Slow response; 3 - Moderately quick response; 5 - Very quick response. 1	2Based on your understanding, how could low-code platforms affect your company's business agility in responding to market changes? 1 - Slow response; 3 - Moderately quick response; 5 - Very quick response. 2	3Based on your understanding, how could low-code platforms affect your company's business agility in responding to market changes? 1 - Slow response; 3 - Moderately quick response; 5 - Very quick response. 3	4Based on your understanding, how could low-code platforms affect your company's business agility in responding to market changes? 1 - Slow response; 3 - Moderately quick response; 5 - Very quick response. 4	5Based on your understanding, how could low-code platforms affect your company's business agility in responding to market changes? 1 - Slow response; 3 - Moderately quick response; 5 - Very quick response. 5
How might using low-code platforms affect collaboration across different departments in your company? Use the following scale: 1 - Significantly worsen collaboration; 3 - No change; 5 - Greatly improve collaboration.	1How might using low-code platforms affect collaboration across different departments in your company? Use the following scale: 1 - Significantly worsen collaboration; 3 - No change; 5 - Greatly improve collaboration. 1	2How might using low-code platforms affect collaboration across different departments in your company? Use the following scale: 1 - Significantly worsen collaboration; 3 - No change; 5 - Greatly improve collaboration. 2	3How might using low-code platforms affect collaboration across different departments in your company? Use the following scale: 1 - Significantly worsen collaboration; 3 - No change; 5 - Greatly improve collaboration. 3	4How might using low-code platforms affect collaboration across different departments in your company? Use the following scale: 1 - Significantly worsen collaboration; 3 - No change; 5 - Greatly improve collaboration. 4	5How might using low-code platforms affect collaboration across different departments in your company? Use the following scale: 1 - Significantly worsen collaboration; 3 - No change; 5 - Greatly improve collaboration. 5

34) In which areas of operation has the company experienced the most significant improvements due to low-code platforms? (Select all that apply)

Product development
Customer service
Marketing and sales
Operations and logistics
Other
None

34) In which areas of operation do you think your company could experience the most significant improvements due to low-code platforms? (Select all that apply)

Product development
Customer service
Marketing and sales
Operations and logistics
Other
None

35) In which other areas of operation has the company experienced the most significant improvements? *

35) In which other areas of operation could the company experienced the most significant improvements? *

36) Identify the most significant challenges the company faces with low-code platforms. (Select all that apply) *

Customisation limitations
Integration challenges
Difficulty migrating from old systems
Scalability issues
Technical limitations
Other (please specify)
None

36) Identify the most significant challenges your company might face with low-code platforms. (Select all that apply) *

Customisation limitations
Integration challenges
Difficulty migrating from old systems
Scalability issues
Technical limitations
Other (please specify)
None

37) What other challenges do you find? *

38) Low-code platforms drawback related questions *

	1	2	3	4	5
To what extent do integration challenges with existing systems affect the usage of low-code platforms? 1 - Not at all; 3 - Moderately; 5 - Extremely;	1To what extent do integration challenges with existing systems affect the usage of low-code platforms? 1 - Not at all; 3 - Moderately; 5 - Extremely; 1	2To what extent do integration challenges with existing systems affect the usage of low-code platforms? 1 - Not at all; 3 - Moderately; 5 - Extremely; 2	3To what extent do integration challenges with existing systems affect the usage of low-code platforms? 1 - Not at all; 3 - Moderately; 5 - Extremely; 3	4To what extent do integration challenges with existing systems affect the usage of low-code platforms? 1 - Not at all; 3 - Moderately; 5 - Extremely; 4	5To what extent do integration challenges with existing systems affect the usage of low-code platforms? 1 - Not at all; 3 - Moderately; 5 - Extremely; 5
Have there been any security concerns related to using low-code platforms? Do you think low-code platforms are vulnerable to security problems, and how concerned are you? 1 - No concerns; 3 - Moderate concerns; 5 - Very strong concerns;	1Have there been any security concerns related to using low-code platforms? Do you think low-code platforms are vulnerable to security problems, and how concerned are you? 1 - No concerns; 3 - Moderate concerns; 5 - Very strong concerns; 1	2Have there been any security concerns related to using low-code platforms? Do you think low-code platforms are vulnerable to security problems, and how concerned are you? 1 - No concerns; 3 - Moderate concerns; 5 - Very strong concerns; 2	3Have there been any security concerns related to using low-code platforms? Do you think low-code platforms are vulnerable to security problems, and how concerned are you? 1 - No concerns; 3 - Moderate concerns; 5 - Very strong concerns; 3	4Have there been any security concerns related to using low-code platforms? Do you think low-code platforms are vulnerable to security problems, and how concerned are you? 1 - No concerns; 3 - Moderate concerns; 5 - Very strong concerns; 4	5Have there been any security concerns related to using low-code platforms? Do you think low-code platforms are vulnerable to security problems, and how concerned are you? 1 - No concerns; 3 - Moderate concerns; 5 - Very strong concerns; 5
What challenges has the company faced regarding the user adoption of low-code platforms? 1 - No challenges; 3 - Moderate difficulties; 5 - Required specialised IT skills to manage;	1What challenges has the company faced regarding the user adoption of low-code platforms? 1 - No challenges; 3 - Moderate difficulties; 5 - Required specialised IT skills to manage; 1	2What challenges has the company faced regarding the user adoption of low-code platforms? 1 - No challenges; 3 - Moderate difficulties; 5 - Required specialised IT skills to manage; 2	3What challenges has the company faced regarding the user adoption of low-code platforms? 1 - No challenges; 3 - Moderate difficulties; 5 - Required specialised IT skills to manage; 3	4What challenges has the company faced regarding the user adoption of low-code platforms? 1 - No challenges; 3 - Moderate difficulties; 5 - Required specialised IT skills to manage; 4	5What challenges has the company faced regarding the user adoption of low-code platforms? 1 - No challenges; 3 - Moderate difficulties; 5 - Required specialised IT skills to manage; 5
To what extend dependency on vendors for updates and feature extensions been a concern? 1 - Not a concern; 3 - Moderate concern; 5 - A huge concern;	1To what extend dependency on vendors for updates and feature extensions been a concern? 1 - Not a concern; 3 - Moderate concern; 5 - A huge concern; 1	2To what extend dependency on vendors for updates and feature extensions been a concern? 1 - Not a concern; 3 - Moderate concern; 5 - A huge concern; 2	3To what extend dependency on vendors for updates and feature extensions been a concern? 1 - Not a concern; 3 - Moderate concern; 5 - A huge concern; 3	4To what extend dependency on vendors for updates and feature extensions been a concern? 1 - Not a concern; 3 - Moderate concern; 5 - A huge concern; 4	5To what extend dependency on vendors for updates and feature extensions been a concern? 1 - Not a concern; 3 - Moderate concern; 5 - A huge concern; 5
To what extent do the limitations of low-code platforms restrict innovation or the implementation of new ideas in business processes? 1- It doesn’t restrict anything; 3 - Moderately restricts; 5 - Extremely restricts;	1To what extent do the limitations of low-code platforms restrict innovation or the implementation of new ideas in business processes? 1- It doesn’t restrict anything; 3 - Moderately restricts; 5 - Extremely restricts; 1	2To what extent do the limitations of low-code platforms restrict innovation or the implementation of new ideas in business processes? 1- It doesn’t restrict anything; 3 - Moderately restricts; 5 - Extremely restricts; 2	3To what extent do the limitations of low-code platforms restrict innovation or the implementation of new ideas in business processes? 1- It doesn’t restrict anything; 3 - Moderately restricts; 5 - Extremely restricts; 3	4To what extent do the limitations of low-code platforms restrict innovation or the implementation of new ideas in business processes? 1- It doesn’t restrict anything; 3 - Moderately restricts; 5 - Extremely restricts; 4	5To what extent do the limitations of low-code platforms restrict innovation or the implementation of new ideas in business processes? 1- It doesn’t restrict anything; 3 - Moderately restricts; 5 - Extremely restricts; 5

38) Low-code platforms drawback related questions *

	1	2	3	4	5
To what extent do you think integration challenges with existing systems would affect the usage of low-code platforms in your company? 1 - Not at all; 3 - Moderately; 5 - Extremely;	1To what extent do you think integration challenges with existing systems would affect the usage of low-code platforms in your company? 1 - Not at all; 3 - Moderately; 5 - Extremely; 1	2To what extent do you think integration challenges with existing systems would affect the usage of low-code platforms in your company? 1 - Not at all; 3 - Moderately; 5 - Extremely; 2	3To what extent do you think integration challenges with existing systems would affect the usage of low-code platforms in your company? 1 - Not at all; 3 - Moderately; 5 - Extremely; 3	4To what extent do you think integration challenges with existing systems would affect the usage of low-code platforms in your company? 1 - Not at all; 3 - Moderately; 5 - Extremely; 4	5To what extent do you think integration challenges with existing systems would affect the usage of low-code platforms in your company? 1 - Not at all; 3 - Moderately; 5 - Extremely; 5
Do you think there could be security concerns related to using low-code platforms in your company? How concerned would you be about their vulnerability to security problems? 1 - No concerns; 3 - Moderate concerns; 5 - Very strong concerns;	1Do you think there could be security concerns related to using low-code platforms in your company? How concerned would you be about their vulnerability to security problems? 1 - No concerns; 3 - Moderate concerns; 5 - Very strong concerns; 1	2Do you think there could be security concerns related to using low-code platforms in your company? How concerned would you be about their vulnerability to security problems? 1 - No concerns; 3 - Moderate concerns; 5 - Very strong concerns; 2	3Do you think there could be security concerns related to using low-code platforms in your company? How concerned would you be about their vulnerability to security problems? 1 - No concerns; 3 - Moderate concerns; 5 - Very strong concerns; 3	4Do you think there could be security concerns related to using low-code platforms in your company? How concerned would you be about their vulnerability to security problems? 1 - No concerns; 3 - Moderate concerns; 5 - Very strong concerns; 4	5Do you think there could be security concerns related to using low-code platforms in your company? How concerned would you be about their vulnerability to security problems? 1 - No concerns; 3 - Moderate concerns; 5 - Very strong concerns; 5
What challenges do you think your company might face regarding the user adoption of low-code platforms? 1 - No challenges; 3 - Moderate difficulties; 5 - Requires specialized IT skills to manage;	1What challenges do you think your company might face regarding the user adoption of low-code platforms? 1 - No challenges; 3 - Moderate difficulties; 5 - Requires specialized IT skills to manage; 1	2What challenges do you think your company might face regarding the user adoption of low-code platforms? 1 - No challenges; 3 - Moderate difficulties; 5 - Requires specialized IT skills to manage; 2	3What challenges do you think your company might face regarding the user adoption of low-code platforms? 1 - No challenges; 3 - Moderate difficulties; 5 - Requires specialized IT skills to manage; 3	4What challenges do you think your company might face regarding the user adoption of low-code platforms? 1 - No challenges; 3 - Moderate difficulties; 5 - Requires specialized IT skills to manage; 4	5What challenges do you think your company might face regarding the user adoption of low-code platforms? 1 - No challenges; 3 - Moderate difficulties; 5 - Requires specialized IT skills to manage; 5
To what extent do you think dependency on vendors for updates and feature extensions would be a concern for your company when using low-code platforms? 1 - Not a concern; 3 - Moderate concern; 5 - A huge concern;	1To what extent do you think dependency on vendors for updates and feature extensions would be a concern for your company when using low-code platforms? 1 - Not a concern; 3 - Moderate concern; 5 - A huge concern; 1	2To what extent do you think dependency on vendors for updates and feature extensions would be a concern for your company when using low-code platforms? 1 - Not a concern; 3 - Moderate concern; 5 - A huge concern; 2	3To what extent do you think dependency on vendors for updates and feature extensions would be a concern for your company when using low-code platforms? 1 - Not a concern; 3 - Moderate concern; 5 - A huge concern; 3	4To what extent do you think dependency on vendors for updates and feature extensions would be a concern for your company when using low-code platforms? 1 - Not a concern; 3 - Moderate concern; 5 - A huge concern; 4	5To what extent do you think dependency on vendors for updates and feature extensions would be a concern for your company when using low-code platforms? 1 - Not a concern; 3 - Moderate concern; 5 - A huge concern; 5
To what extent do you think the limitations of low-code platforms would restrict innovation or the implementation of new ideas in your company’s business processes? 1 - It doesn’t restrict anything; 3 - Moderately restricts; 5 - Extremely restricts;	1To what extent do you think the limitations of low-code platforms would restrict innovation or the implementation of new ideas in your company’s business processes? 1 - It doesn’t restrict anything; 3 - Moderately restricts; 5 - Extremely restricts; 1	2To what extent do you think the limitations of low-code platforms would restrict innovation or the implementation of new ideas in your company’s business processes? 1 - It doesn’t restrict anything; 3 - Moderately restricts; 5 - Extremely restricts; 2	3To what extent do you think the limitations of low-code platforms would restrict innovation or the implementation of new ideas in your company’s business processes? 1 - It doesn’t restrict anything; 3 - Moderately restricts; 5 - Extremely restricts; 3	4To what extent do you think the limitations of low-code platforms would restrict innovation or the implementation of new ideas in your company’s business processes? 1 - It doesn’t restrict anything; 3 - Moderately restricts; 5 - Extremely restricts; 4	5To what extent do you think the limitations of low-code platforms would restrict innovation or the implementation of new ideas in your company’s business processes? 1 - It doesn’t restrict anything; 3 - Moderately restricts; 5 - Extremely restricts; 5

39) General questions about the low-code platforms integration in the company *

	1	2	3	4	5
How has an actual or potential adoption of a low-code platform impacted decision-making processes within the company? 1 - Significantly worsened; 3 - No change; 5 - Significantly improved;	1How has an actual or potential adoption of a low-code platform impacted decision-making processes within the company? 1 - Significantly worsened; 3 - No change; 5 - Significantly improved; 1	2How has an actual or potential adoption of a low-code platform impacted decision-making processes within the company? 1 - Significantly worsened; 3 - No change; 5 - Significantly improved; 2	3How has an actual or potential adoption of a low-code platform impacted decision-making processes within the company? 1 - Significantly worsened; 3 - No change; 5 - Significantly improved; 3	4How has an actual or potential adoption of a low-code platform impacted decision-making processes within the company? 1 - Significantly worsened; 3 - No change; 5 - Significantly improved; 4	5How has an actual or potential adoption of a low-code platform impacted decision-making processes within the company? 1 - Significantly worsened; 3 - No change; 5 - Significantly improved; 5
To what extend does the non-technical staff have the abilities/skills to participate in the development process? 1 - They don’t have any of the skills necessary; 3 - They have some of the skills necessary; 5 - They have all of the skills necessary;	1To what extend does the non-technical staff have the abilities/skills to participate in the development process? 1 - They don’t have any of the skills necessary; 3 - They have some of the skills necessary; 5 - They have all of the skills necessary; 1	2To what extend does the non-technical staff have the abilities/skills to participate in the development process? 1 - They don’t have any of the skills necessary; 3 - They have some of the skills necessary; 5 - They have all of the skills necessary; 2	3To what extend does the non-technical staff have the abilities/skills to participate in the development process? 1 - They don’t have any of the skills necessary; 3 - They have some of the skills necessary; 5 - They have all of the skills necessary; 3	4To what extend does the non-technical staff have the abilities/skills to participate in the development process? 1 - They don’t have any of the skills necessary; 3 - They have some of the skills necessary; 5 - They have all of the skills necessary; 4	5To what extend does the non-technical staff have the abilities/skills to participate in the development process? 1 - They don’t have any of the skills necessary; 3 - They have some of the skills necessary; 5 - They have all of the skills necessary; 5
To what extent can the non-technical staff participate in the development process when low-code platforms are used? 1 - Never; 3 - Moderately; 5 - Extensively;	1To what extent can the non-technical staff participate in the development process when low-code platforms are used? 1 - Never; 3 - Moderately; 5 - Extensively; 1	2To what extent can the non-technical staff participate in the development process when low-code platforms are used? 1 - Never; 3 - Moderately; 5 - Extensively; 2	3To what extent can the non-technical staff participate in the development process when low-code platforms are used? 1 - Never; 3 - Moderately; 5 - Extensively; 3	4To what extent can the non-technical staff participate in the development process when low-code platforms are used? 1 - Never; 3 - Moderately; 5 - Extensively; 4	5To what extent can the non-technical staff participate in the development process when low-code platforms are used? 1 - Never; 3 - Moderately; 5 - Extensively; 5
How will using low-code platforms affect the speed of response to market changes within the company? 1 - Significantly slowed down; 3 - No change; 5 - Greatly accelerated;	1How will using low-code platforms affect the speed of response to market changes within the company? 1 - Significantly slowed down; 3 - No change; 5 - Greatly accelerated; 1	2How will using low-code platforms affect the speed of response to market changes within the company? 1 - Significantly slowed down; 3 - No change; 5 - Greatly accelerated; 2	3How will using low-code platforms affect the speed of response to market changes within the company? 1 - Significantly slowed down; 3 - No change; 5 - Greatly accelerated; 3	4How will using low-code platforms affect the speed of response to market changes within the company? 1 - Significantly slowed down; 3 - No change; 5 - Greatly accelerated; 4	5How will using low-code platforms affect the speed of response to market changes within the company? 1 - Significantly slowed down; 3 - No change; 5 - Greatly accelerated; 5
Regarding process innovation within the company, what role have low-code platforms played? 1 - No role; 3 - Moderate contributor; 5 - Critical enabler;	1Regarding process innovation within the company, what role have low-code platforms played? 1 - No role; 3 - Moderate contributor; 5 - Critical enabler; 1	2Regarding process innovation within the company, what role have low-code platforms played? 1 - No role; 3 - Moderate contributor; 5 - Critical enabler; 2	3Regarding process innovation within the company, what role have low-code platforms played? 1 - No role; 3 - Moderate contributor; 5 - Critical enabler; 3	4Regarding process innovation within the company, what role have low-code platforms played? 1 - No role; 3 - Moderate contributor; 5 - Critical enabler; 4	5Regarding process innovation within the company, what role have low-code platforms played? 1 - No role; 3 - Moderate contributor; 5 - Critical enabler; 5

Do you have any additional comments or suggestions that you would like to add to this questionnaire?